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You have to release the central bolt to reduce the tension and redo the adjustment as I outlined. The exhaust cam timing tool must rest on the cylinder head. then continue adjusting the gears.
 

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Sorry I can't guide here. Try to put it together by looking at other gears.
You are suppose to follow a guide document for this job, the guide will instruct you to follow correct steps to use and the use of the timing block tool to prevent damage to the assembly. The assembly and timing is complex procedure in this engine and the key is to follow a sequence starting from the removal and reverse sequence for installation. If you jump one step you will end up with issues like this.

The removal reference guide doesn't tell you the importance of each step or explain it. It just tell you to follow the procedure steps or "damage could occur" or personal safety or injury if for example didn't use the timing blocks that you install on the face of the camshaft housing BEFORE the central bolt torque release and bolt removal.

Important!
Release central bolts (1 and 2) with special tools 11 5 410 and 11 5 382 only.
Risk of damage to VANOS gear.
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Important!
Danger of injury!

Installation:
If the VANOS gear is to be reused, the special tool 11 5 381 must not be removed.

VANOS gear is tensioned.

Set down VANOS gear (1) with special tool (2).
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The thing that I want to mention here that many not aware of is in fact there are 2 timing procedure in one task, the first is the camshaft timing and second is the timing of the Vanos gears. The exhaust gear especially is under spring tension since the Vanos on the exhaust side works opposite to the intake camshaft

Basic tips for successful removal and installation:

1- Always use removal and installation reference guide to understand the purpose of each steps.
2- Never release the central bolts (Vanos gears to camshafts) while screws with washers loosened. You will loose the exhaust Vanos gears spring tension.

Simple steps summary for screws with washer and central bolt relation especially the exhaust gear:

Removal:

1- Loosen screws with washers and pull the inner sleeves to full right and tight the screws with washers to 10nm.
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2- Install timing blocks.
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3- Release and remove the central bolts, then remove Vanos gears with block 11 5 382 installed.

Installation:
1- Reverse step 3, install gears in position with block 11 5 382 installed.
2- Install and torque central bolts. (you fix the Gear internal spring tension before you loosen the screws with washers in the next step).
3- loosen screws with washers again 90 degree to insert Vanos adjusters in the next step as per the reference guide.

Forum member @M5RS6 been in a similar situation and the gear assembly flown off. PM him for any tips.
 

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Hey @Sollsam,
I have thinking about it by looking at some pictures.
You can try this:
install the out sleeve (in your hand) mesh the gears to the inner sleeve in a way that one of the (screws with washers) points at (timing position 6 o'clock position) with the timing screw M8X18 at the back of the gear points at 12 o'clock position). Install the ring with round hole on the end of the spring then install the lock ring in the groove (just like on the intake gear). The most important after you do this is test it by (compress the outer sleeve with your hand and it should extend back to the timing position, of course all three screws with washers tightened I mention earlier for timing position.
Hope this help.
Let us know how this goes.

.
 

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In post #4 third picture, look how screws #3 and #4 full left and outer sleeve elongated hole full right position, that's how you set it before you install the central bolts then you back them off 90 degree and then install the Vanos adjusters.
Also in the same picture, on the exhaust cam gear BLACK ARROW use that as a reference position for the M8X18 bolt you installed earlier to hold the gear teeth from splitting on the back.
 
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